GM, Ford and Stellantis have together cut more than 20,000 U.S. salaried jobs, or 19% of their combined workforces, from recent employment peaks this decade, according to public filings and employment data from the companies. The reasons for the job declines vary by automaker but are generally tied to evolving technological changes in the industry — including the rise of AI. 知情人士告诉 CNBC，带头裁员的通用汽车本周进一步裁员，在全球范围内裁员 500 至 600 名受薪员工，主要集中在德克萨斯州和密歇根州的信息技术业务部门。 底特律——随着人工智能的扩展，它有可能加剧美国最大汽车制造商日益增长的趋势：白领工人的淘汰。 根据公开文件和各公司的就业数据，“底特律三巨头”汽车制造商已在美国削减了超过 20,000 个带薪工作岗位，占其劳动力总数的 19%，较近十年来的就业高峰有所减少。 岗位减少的原因因汽车制造商而异，但总体而言与汽车行业不断发展的技术变革有关，随着软件定义汽车、自动驾驶和全电动汽车以及人工智能的兴起。 福特首席执行官吉姆·法利 (Jim Farley) 7 月份在阿斯彭创意节 (Aspen ideas Festival) 上表示：“人工智能将取代美国一半的白领工人。” "AI will leave a lot of white-collar people behind," he added later. The largest American automaker has led the cuts, with General Motors reducing U.S. salaried headcounts by roughly 11,000 people from 2022 through last year. Those job cuts came after GM had a run-up in employment, expanding from 48,000 U.S. white-collar workers in 2020 to 58,000 in 2022. Ford Motor and Chrysler parent Stellantis have cut jobs more gradually.从 2020 年的受薪就业高峰期来看，福特去年已削减了约 5,300 名员工，达到约 30,700 名白领员工，而 Stellantis 的受薪员工数量则从 2020 年的 15,000 名减少到同期的约 11,000 名。 按年度计算，三大汽车制造商的白领就业人数合计在 2022 年达到约 102,000 人的峰值。截至去年底，这一数字下降了 13%，至 88,700 人。 劳动力数据市场非营利组织 Burning Glass Institute 首席经济学家加德·莱瓦农 (Gad Levanon) 表示，他认为最有可能被人工智能取代的工作是文员职位和重复性较高的办公室工作，例如金融和信息技术领域的工作，包括编码。 他说：“许多白领工人将失去工作，因为人工智能可以自动化他们的一些任务。”他补充说，一些损失将被汽车制造商日益重要的领域（例如自动驾驶汽车、网络安全和软件定义汽车）的就业机会所抵消。 "I think it will be a major trend in the next decade or two." 知情人士向 CNBC 透露，通用汽车本周进一步裁员，在全球范围内裁员 500 至 600 名受薪员工，主要是德克萨斯州和密歇根州的信息技术部门员工，并匿名透露了尚未公开的细节。 Those cuts were partially due to changing workforce needs involving AI, the people said. 据通用汽车的几名现任或前任员工以及该公司的招聘网站称，通用汽车此次裁员之际，该汽车制造商正在越来越多地招聘与人工智能相关的工作，并鼓励包括 IT 人员在内的员工采用其人工智能平台。 通用汽车的一位资深程序员和数据科学家本周被解雇，他对 CNBC 表示：“他们将推动人工智能应用于日常工作和其他一切。”由于担心对未来潜在工作产生影响或影响，他匿名接受采访。 “我亲眼目睹过它。作为一名程序员，它可以提高你的工作效率。它确实可以帮助你完成更多工作，但如果你不了解业务，人工智能就不会给你带来任何好处。” Prior to the IT reductions, notable decreases in GM's U.S. salaried workforce occurred as a result the winding down and eventual discontinuation of its Cruise robotaxi business as well as rolling evaluations of the company's workforce under GM CEO Mary Barra . 博拉在一月份的汽车新闻协会会议上谈到汽车制造商高层人员流动时表示：“有时候，那些让你到达‘A点’的人不一定能够让你到达‘B点’。” GM, Ford and Stellantis declined to comment on their reductions in U.S. white-collar workers in recent years. The automakers have previously cited "transformations," "bold choices," cost-cutting and "strengthening" or making a unit more efficient as reasons for job cuts. The decline in salaried jobs at the Detroit Three isn't necessarily representative of the overall U.S. automotive industry. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reports motor vehicle manufacturing jobs only dropped by 0.2% from 2022 through last year, to 285,800 workers. That data includes both salaried and hourly workers. And not all automakers have been cutting U.S. salaried jobs.丰田汽车报告称，从 2020 年到 2025 年，其美国白领劳动力数量增加了约 31%，达到约 47,500 人。 福特、通用汽车和 Stellantis 也仍在招聘某些职位。 Stellantis CEO Antonio Filosa, who is leading a companywide turnaround that includes a global cost-cutting program, has said the company still plans to add more than 2,000 white-collar jobs in North America. 根据招聘网站显示，底特律汽车制造商目前在美国总共有 2,000 多个空缺职位。根据搜索结果，在这些发布的职位中，近 400 个涉及人工智能，通用汽车正在寻找超过 250 个与人工智能相关的职位。 咨询公司毕马威 (KPMG) 美洲汽车业务负责人莱尼·拉罗卡 (Lenny LaRocca) 表示，汽车制造商需要谨慎对待如何与员工一起执行人工智能战略。 "They really need to think about how they adapt it and use it to generate, to be more efficient and be more profitable," he said. "I don't know necessarily if it's just to reduce headcounts. I think the focus is more on how do they do their job better and how to be more innovative and move quicker." 波士顿咨询集团董事总经理兼高级合伙人格雷戈里·艾默生 (Gregory Emerson) 最近发表的一篇文章称，随着人工智能的发展，工作角色正在迅速演变，需要新的技能。 BCG forecasts five years from now — or perhaps further in the future — 10% to 15% of jobs in the U.S. could be eliminated as AI proliferates, with 50% to 55% of U.S. jobs being reshaped by AI over the next two to three years. 艾默生在合着的报告中写道：“这种转变已经发生，并且随着人工智能的普及，这种转变将会加快。” "Those who cut their workforce beyond AI's ability to replace it will see productivity drop, institutional knowledge disappear, and critical talent walk away. Those who fail to dramatically rethink work will see their competitors grow faster and more profitably."